Debian/Ubuntu 发行版基本管理技巧

1. 菜单 -> 系统 -> 系统管理 -> 新立得软件包管理器 或 Alt+F2(运行窗口)输入

sudo synaptic   

1. 点击 [来源] 在左侧的选择框中选择 [本地/main] 再在右侧的选择框中查找需要卸载的deb包

如果知道deb包名，直接点击 ［搜索］输入包名

3.选择要删的包,右击,选择［标记以便删除］

4.选择完后，单击［应用］

如果是用命令的话，要移除的软件包名

sudo apt-get autoremove

要安装的软件包名

sudo apt-get install

要安装下载到本地的 .deb 套件包时

sudo dpkg -i package_file.deb

要反安装 .deb 套件包时

sudo dpkg -r package_name

Environment variables in the bash shell help you in several ways. Certain built-in variables change the shell in ways that make your life a little easier, and you can define other variables to suit your own purposes. Here are some examples of built-in s hell variables:

• PS1 defines the shell's command-line prompt.
• HOME defines the home directory for a user.
• PATH defines a list of directories to search through when looking for a command to execute.

To list the current values of all environment variables, issue the command

$ env

or list a specific variable with the echo command, prefixing the variable n ame with a dollar sign (the second line shows the result of the echo command):

echo $HOME
/home/water

A variable assignment like this will work just fine, but its scope (visibility) is limited to the current shell. If you launch a program or enter another shell, that child task will not know about your environment variables unless you export them first.

Unless you know for sure that an environment variable will have meaning only in the current shell, it's a good idea to always use export when creating variables to ensure they will be global in scope–for example,

export PS1="\u \$ "
export code=$HOME/projects/src/spew

And be sure to add these commands to your .profile file so you won't have to retype them eac h time you log in.

如果需要在已有的环境变量后面追加路径值，比如说我要在 GTAGSLIBPATH 变量后面添加一个 /usr/include，现在能怎么呢？

$ export GTAGSLIBPATH=$GTAGSLIBPATH:/usr/include

这样就可以在原来的值后面追加多一个路径。

如果需要开机自动启动某应用程序，例如 skype 等，是 gnome 桌面可以在“系统 ==> 首选项 ==> 启动应用程序“里进行设置。

官方文档：https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Fonts

个人总结：http://blog.waterlin.org/articles/install-new-fonts-under-ubuntu.html

用命令

$ passwd username

即可以修改用户密码。

Ubuntu 默认好像对 root 帐户管理得比较严格，可以用下面的方法来修改 root 帐户的权限：

$ sudo passwd root